Wartime Pamphlets, Anti-English Metaphors, and the Intensification of Antidemocratic Discourse in Germany after the First World War

The article establishes heretofore neglected links between the German anti-English pamphlets during World War I, on one hand, and right-wing antidemocratic theory after war, other, by engaging with their central argumentative forms. Particularly metaphors of English as "merchants" or "peddlers" England a mechanical civilization in contradistinction to organic culture facilitated transfer arguments discourses war democracy, respectively. were old, but they deepened concrete enmity intensified domestic constitutional underscoring fundamental unsuitability democracy for Germany.